[{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_8796866013303016097.jpg","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":54,"id":"120-634-360-54","imageZone":true,"sort":0,"width":360,"x":120,"y":634},{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_2193909431409541027.jpg","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":50,"id":"160-222-254-50","imageZone":true,"sort":0,"width":254,"x":160,"y":222},{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_4223501747060276022.jpg","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":54,"id":"120-832-360-54","imageZone":true,"sort":0,"width":360,"x":120,"y":832},{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_6914926630852095860.jpg","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":54,"id":"830-494-360-54","imageZone":true,"sort":0,"width":360,"x":830,"y":494},{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_4474367106119713654.jpg","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":54,"id":"1180-914-360-54","imageZone":true,"sort":0,"width":360,"x":1180,"y":914},{"content":"2","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":48,"id":"460-284-56-48","imageZone":false,"sort":0,"width":56,"x":460,"y":284},{"content":"第391期","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":22,"id":"162-290-74-22","imageZone":false,"sort":0,"width":74,"x":162,"y":290},{"content":"2019.9.15","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":22,"id":"324-290-90-22","imageZone":false,"sort":0,"width":90,"x":324,"y":290},{"content":"特邀编辑杨海瑛","contentProperty":0,"groupId":"","height":22,"id":"254-2134-128-22","imageZone":false,"sort":0,"width":128,"x":254,"y":2134},{"extLink":"","height":849,"hotZones":[{"content":"《大学英语2》中英语主谓一致用法指导","contentProperty":2,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":70,"id":"580-234-930-70","imageZone":false,"sort":1,"width":930,"x":580,"y":234},{"content":"阴闵二分校马英英教师","contentProperty":4,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":52,"id":"928-300-248-52","imageZone":false,"sort":1,"width":248,"x":928,"y":300},{"content":"《大学英语2》是上海开放大学的公共英语课程，供学完《大学英语1》课程的各专业（不含英语专业）的专科学生学习。通过课程的学习，学生应能用英语进行简单的日常交谈，但在实际的英语口语交谈中，笔者发现学生对英语中主谓一致的用法不熟悉，往往出现错误。如“Eiffel 和Napoleon 酒店都没有游泳池”这句：Neither theEiffel nor the Napoleon have a swimming pool（.错）Neither the Eiffel nor the Napoleon has a swimmingpool（.对）此句根据主谓一致中的就近一致原则来做。本文首先阐述主谓一致的定义和种类，其次就《大学英语2》中出现的主谓一致用法对学生进行用法指导。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":257,"id":"140-367-346-257","imageZone":false,"sort":1,"width":346,"x":140,"y":367},{"content":"一、主谓一致的含义","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":27,"id":"230-641-163-27","imageZone":false,"sort":2,"width":163,"x":230,"y":641},{"content":"主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数时，其谓语动词需用单数形式；主语是复数时，则谓语动词用复数形式。但有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语也应该用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语应用单数形式。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":138,"id":"140-684-348-138","imageZone":false,"sort":3,"width":348,"x":140,"y":684},{"content":"二、主谓一致分为两大类","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":27,"id":"215-841-196-27","imageZone":false,"sort":4,"width":196,"x":215,"y":841},{"content":"(一）就近一致原则就近一致原则，以靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。如：Not only the students but also the teacher isenjoying the film.不仅学生们而且老师都喜欢这部电影。Neither you nor your brother knows anythingabout it.你和你的兄弟对此都一无所知。Neither he nor they are wholly right.","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":198,"id":"140-881-341-198","imageZone":false,"sort":5,"width":341,"x":140,"y":881},{"content":"他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。（二）意义一致原则意义一致原则，必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。集体名词committee（委员会），crowd（人群），audience（观众），government（政府），family（家）,class （班级），crew（一群），team（队、组），group（群），public（公用的）等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的意义，作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数，作成员时谓语动词是复数。如：（1）Our class is on the second floor，and ourclass work hard.我们班在二楼，我们全班同学学习都很努力。（2）Our family is a happy one.我们有个幸福的家庭。（3）The old are very well taken care of in ourcity.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。（the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，是复数概念。）2．当“名词+and+名词”结构表示一种事物或一种概念时，动词应用单数形式。如：（1）The worker and writer has come.这位工人兼作家来了。（2）Fish and chips is a popular dinner.炸鱼土豆片是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。（3）Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚是最好的策略。3.主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with（和...在一起），alongwith（跟...一起），together with（连同），as well as（以及），but（但是），besides（而且），like（喜欢），no less than（不少于），rather than（而不是），morethan（超过）”等。如：（1）A woman with two children has come.","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":716,"id":"488-367-354-716","imageZone":false,"sort":6,"width":354,"x":488,"y":367},{"content":"一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。（2）I as well as they am ready to help you.不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿帮助你。（3）My father，together with some of his oldfriends，has been there already.我父亲和他的一些老朋友已经去过那里了。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":118,"id":"848-367-342-118","imageZone":false,"sort":7,"width":342,"x":848,"y":367},{"content":"三、《大学英语2》中出现的主谓一致用法","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":27,"id":"858-503-324-27","imageZone":false,"sort":8,"width":324,"x":858,"y":503},{"content":"（一）either…or（或者...或者...）与neither…no（r既不…也不…）等的用法1．either…or 连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如：（1）You can either have tea or coffee.你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。（2）Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。（3）Either the shirts or the sweater is a goodbuy.这些衬衣，要不就是这件毛衣，买上是会合算的。2．neither…nor 要连接两个平行结构，可以连接两个名词或两个代词，当连接的是两个作主语的结构时，谓语动词在人称和数上通常要和第二个名词或代词相一致。如：（1）Neither you nor I am clear about hisintention.你我都不清楚他的意图。（2）Neither the Eiffel nor the Napoleon has aswimming pool.Eiffel 和Napoleon 酒店都没有游泳池。（3）Neither you nor he has been to the GreatWall.你和他都没有去过长城。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":538,"id":"848-543-341-538","imageZone":false,"sort":9,"width":341,"x":848,"y":543},{"content":"3．Neither…nor…表示的是某两结构的否定含义，如要表示某两结构的肯定含义，则要用它的反义词“both…and…”，意为“…和…两者都是”。连接的是主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：（1）Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。（2）Both my father and my mother are doctors.我父母都是医生。（3）Both the Eiffel and the Concorde haveemail facilities.Eiffel 和Concorde 酒店都有（收发）电子邮件的设备。4.不定代词either、neither、each、one、someone、somebody、something、anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、nobody、no one、nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：（1）Either of the two rooms is large enough.两个房间中的任何一个都够大。（2）Neither of them has improved hishandwriting.他们都没有改善他的笔迹。（3）Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都准备好了，是吗?（4）No one knows how to do it.任何人都不知道怎样做它。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":536,"id":"1203-367-348-536","imageZone":false,"sort":10,"width":348,"x":1203,"y":367},{"content":"四、总结","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":27,"id":"1340-920-72-27","imageZone":false,"sort":11,"width":72,"x":1340,"y":920},{"content":"英语主谓一致、语法形式上要一致、意义上要一致等。经常练习是提高应用能力的途径。总之，英语知识的学习，一方面，要重在平时的坚持与积累，另一方面，一定要把所学知识应用于实践。如果大家这几点都做到了，相信一定能学好英语。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"140-234-1411-849","height":120,"id":"1203-962-341-120","imageZone":false,"sort":12,"width":341,"x":1203,"y":962}],"id":"140-234-1411-849","newsId":198765,"width":1411,"x":140,"y":234},{"extLink":"","height":1054,"hotZones":[{"content":"抽样推断是根据事先规定的要求设计调查组织，并以所获得的这一部分实际资料为基础，进行推理演算得出结论的活动。因此，如何科学地设计抽样调查组织，保证随机条件的实现，并取得最佳的抽样效果，是一个至关重要的问题。常用的抽样组织形式有：简单随机抽样、等距随机抽样、类型随机抽样和整群随机抽样。单纯随机抽样，又称纯随机抽样，是指在抽样之前对总体单位不进行任何分组、排列等处理，完全按随机原则从总体中抽取样本的抽样方法。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"144-1122-564-1054","height":595,"id":"286-1122-137-595","imageZone":false,"sort":13,"width":137,"x":286,"y":1122},{"content":"等距随机抽样，又称机械随机抽样或系统抽样，是先将总体各单位按某一标志顺序排列，然后用总体单位数除以样本单位数求得抽样间隔，并在第一个抽样间隔内随机抽取一个单位作为组成样本的单位；最后按计算的抽样距离作等距抽样，直到抽满n 个单位。类型随机抽样，又称分层随机抽样，是先将总体按一定标志分成各种类型（或称层）；然后，根据各类单位数占总体单位数比重，确定从各类型中抽取样本单位的数量；最后，按单纯随机抽样或等距随机抽样从各类型中抽取样本的各单位，最终组成调查总体的样本。整群随机抽样，是将总体按一定标准划分成群或集体，以群或集体为单位按随机的原则从","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"144-1122-564-1054","height":338,"id":"144-1719-282-338","imageZone":false,"sort":14,"width":282,"x":144,"y":1719},{"content":"总体中抽取若干群或集体，作为总体的样本，并对被抽中各群中的每一个单位都进行实际调查。现在谈谈它们在运用中的区别：单纯随机抽样和等距随机抽样、类型随机抽样及整群随机抽样的区别：单纯随机抽样对总体单位不进行分组、排列等人为处理，完全按随机原则从总体中抽取样本的。而后三者对总体单位进行分组、排列等人为处理，按某种人为要求从总体中抽取样本的。前者按随机原则抽取样本，后者按人为要求抽取样本。等距随机抽样和类型随机抽样及整群随机抽样的区别：等距随机抽样是先将总体各单位按某一标志进行排列，然后按一定间隔抽取样本。而后两者对总体单位按某一标志进行分组，然后按组抽取样本。前者对总体排序，后者对总体分组。整群随机抽样与类型随机抽样的区别：（1）类型随机抽样必须在总体的每一部分中，按照其比例抽取一定数量的样本单位；而整群随机抽样则是将总体中抽取部分的全部单位作为样本单位；（2）二者在对总体进行划分时，所依据的原则不同。类型随机抽样要求被划分开的总体各部分之间具有明显的差异，而各部分内部的差异要尽可能小；整群随机抽样则要求被划分开的总体各部分之间尽可能无差异，总体部分内部各单位存在明显差异。单纯随机抽样、等距随机抽样、类型随机抽样和整群随机抽样在运用中的区别：一般情况下,若总体同质性高,先考虑单纯随机抽样；若总体同质性高，对样本均匀分布有特殊要求的，必须选择等距随机抽样；若总体单位数量大，总体内部有明显类别差异，只能用类型随机抽样；若总体单位数量大，同质性也比较高，同时调查条件要求方便、快捷，就选择整群随机抽样。当学生理解单纯随机抽样、等距随机抽样、类型随机抽样和整群随机抽样这四者之间的区别，就能更好地地运用这四种抽样组织形式，调查和利用样本的实际资料计算样本指标，并据以推算总体相应数量特征，以达到认识总体的目的。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"144-1122-564-1054","height":1054,"id":"426-1122-282-1054","imageZone":false,"sort":15,"width":282,"x":426,"y":1122},{"content":"抽样组织形式的区别","contentProperty":2,"groupId":"144-1122-564-1054","height":549,"id":"170-1148-59-549","imageZone":false,"sort":2,"width":59,"x":170,"y":1148},{"content":"阴闵二分校钟炳雄讲师","contentProperty":4,"groupId":"144-1122-564-1054","height":267,"id":"222-1284-49-267","imageZone":false,"sort":2,"width":49,"x":222,"y":1284}],"id":"144-1122-564-1054","newsId":198769,"width":564,"x":144,"y":1122},{"extLink":"","height":1050,"hotZones":[{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_6327310536683907395.jpg","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":205,"id":"728-1802-264-205","imageZone":true,"sort":19,"width":264,"x":728,"y":1802},{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_3289657365058351085.jpg","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":126,"id":"1004-1583-263-126","imageZone":true,"sort":26,"width":263,"x":1004,"y":1583},{"content":"/_upload/article/images/de/c5/27b777cc4fba90a25de7d09b9de1/zone_7634149250425188683.jpg","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":204,"id":"1281-1626-263-204","imageZone":true,"sort":29,"width":263,"x":1281,"y":1626},{"content":"自己动手解决天窗漏水问题","contentProperty":2,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":66,"id":"796-1125-688-66","imageZone":false,"sort":3,"width":688,"x":796,"y":1125},{"content":"阴闵行二分校周金宝教师","contentProperty":4,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":52,"id":"1004-1184-272-52","imageZone":false,"sort":3,"width":272,"x":1004,"y":1184},{"content":"现代社会，汽车是我们日常生活的必要交通工具，大部分家用轿车都配置了天窗。下雨天，如果我们打开天窗，可以看到天窗周围槽里都有水，这不是天窗漏水，实际上汽车天窗并不是完全密封的，下雨时水会进入天窗槽，然后顺着排水口流到车底，这是正常情况。下雨天，如果我们发现汽车天窗关闭得很紧，车厢内有滴水出现，或者发现车内内饰板被沾湿的时候，这时你的汽车天窗真的漏水了。发现天窗漏水，通常我们不知原因何在，更不知道如何处理？一般交给4S 店来排除漏水问题，费时费力很麻烦，其实自己动手很简单，还很有成就感。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":338,"id":"732-1240-260-338","imageZone":false,"sort":16,"width":260,"x":732,"y":1240},{"content":"一、天窗排水管道及出口","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":27,"id":"762-1596-203-27","imageZone":false,"sort":17,"width":203,"x":762,"y":1596},{"content":"汽车天窗的排水系统有槽内上出水孔、管道和下排水口组成（见图1）。下排水口分布在车辆的A 柱和C 柱边，当下雨时水进入天窗槽内，通过槽内四周的4个上出水孔流入排水管道，然后通过下排水口流出车外。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":159,"id":"732-1638-260-159","imageZone":false,"sort":18,"width":260,"x":732,"y":1638},{"content":"图1","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":20,"id":"846-2016-30-20","imageZone":false,"sort":20,"width":30,"x":846,"y":2016},{"content":"二、天窗漏水的主要原因","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":26,"id":"763-2054-200-26","imageZone":false,"sort":21,"width":200,"x":763,"y":2054},{"content":"天窗漏水，主要是天窗槽内的水无法通过正常管道流出，分析原因主要以下三种情况：（一）天窗槽内上出水孔堵塞。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":78,"id":"732-2096-260-78","imageZone":false,"sort":22,"width":260,"x":732,"y":2096},{"content":"（二）天窗槽与车顶密封胶条沾有异物或者老化或者有损伤。（三）下排水口堵塞。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":60,"id":"1006-1240-260-60","imageZone":false,"sort":23,"width":260,"x":1006,"y":1240},{"content":"三、天窗漏水的简易检查和处理方法","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":44,"id":"1026-1316-218-44","imageZone":false,"sort":24,"width":218,"x":1026,"y":1316},{"content":"（一）检查上出水孔是否堵塞我们打开天窗，天窗槽内的车头方向最左和最右有2个小孔(见图2)。很容易查看到，如果有树枝树叶混杂的泥沙堵在出水口，只要把这些杂物清理干净，后面2个上出水孔要拆天窗才能看到，自己清理不容易，一般因结构原因也不出现异物堵塞现象，所以前面2孔通畅后，漏水问题即刻解决。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":198,"id":"1006-1381-268-198","imageZone":false,"sort":25,"width":268,"x":1006,"y":1381},{"content":"图2（二）检查天窗槽内密封胶条是否有问题虽然天窗不是完全密封，但阻止大部分水进入天窗还是要靠密封胶条，如果密封胶条沾了异物后，出现密封不严，清除异物即可。如果密封胶条老化或者损伤导致大量的雨水进入天窗，排水管道来不及排水时，雨水就会滴漏到车厢内。所以我们要检查密封胶条是否有损伤，捏一捏看看胶条是否有较好的弹性，是否有老化现象。如果天窗胶条真的有老化或损伤，就需要更换了。更换胶条要将天窗玻璃前后两个都拆卸下来，然后将新胶条顺着天窗的四周边缘粘好，再安装天窗玻璃，此类情况很少出现。（三）检查下排水口是否堵塞准备一个500毫升以上的矿泉水瓶，装满水后往天窗槽内上出水孔倒水，正常情况下，倒到一定程度时水","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":456,"id":"1006-1719-260-456","imageZone":false,"sort":27,"width":260,"x":1006,"y":1719},{"content":"很快就会由下排水口排到车底，查看车底前车轮后，如果排水很少或者没有水，就说明下排水口堵塞了。大众车系列的此类情况最常见，特别是你的车经常停树下，因为大众车的下排水口结构特别，仅仅是一个“十字型”开口。如果是下排水口堵塞，此时我们需要打开引擎盖，简单拆下靠近前挡风玻璃下的一块盖板，在A 柱正下方可以看到一段橡胶管(见图3)。捏一捏这个橡胶管末端，杂物就能在一定水压下被冲出来，如果是大众车，我们也可以用一把剪刀直接剪去橡胶管道末端的一小段“十字型”开口，不会影响正常使用，处理了前面2个下排水口，今后排水一定更顺畅，后面2个因为在天窗轨道下一般不堵塞无需处理。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":378,"id":"1271-1240-278-378","imageZone":false,"sort":28,"width":278,"x":1271,"y":1240},{"content":"图3","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":26,"id":"1396-1833-34-26","imageZone":false,"sort":30,"width":34,"x":1396,"y":1833},{"content":"四、日常保养天窗很重要","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":27,"id":"1314-1873-200-27","imageZone":false,"sort":31,"width":200,"x":1314,"y":1873},{"content":"为了减少天窗漏水情况，我们也要注意天窗的日常保养。隔几个月将天窗完全打开，及时清除上出水孔，凹槽内沙尘、树叶或小树枝等异物杂物。用干净的软布擦拭滑轨上的灰尘，用湿海绵清洁一次密封条，再撒一些少量滑石粉，延缓胶条自然老化。平时使用高压水枪洗车时，不要直接将水对准天窗周围的密封圈喷，否则容易造成密封圈在高压水柱的喷压下变形。","contentProperty":5,"groupId":"728-1125-821-1050","height":257,"id":"1281-1916-268-257","imageZone":false,"sort":32,"width":268,"x":1281,"y":1916}],"id":"728-1125-821-1050","newsId":198773,"width":821,"x":728,"y":1125}]